Phra That Phanom: A Revered Buddhist Site in thailand

Introduction

Phra That Phanom is an eminent Buddhist site, located approximately 50 kilometers from the town of Nakhon Phanom along Highway No. 212. This sacred site is renowned for its historical and religious significance, attracting countless pilgrims and tourists alike. The central feature of Phra That Phanom is its towering pagoda, standing at 53 meters, which enshrines the sacred relics of the Lord Buddha. This article delves into the rich history, architectural evolution, and cultural importance of Phra That Phanom, providing a comprehensive understanding of its enduring legacy.

Historical Background

Early Construction and Significance

Phra That Phanom’s origins trace back to before the 12th century, with initial construction believed to have been influenced by Khmer design. The pagoda was erected under the leadership of Mahakasyapa, a principal disciple of the Buddha, as per the legend. It is said that Lord Buddha instructed Mahakasyapa to enshrine his breast relics on "Kapon Khiri" Mountain, now known as Phu Kampra, to ensure the continuity of Buddhism.

The construction of Phra That Phanom commenced in 535 B.C., involving 500 Arahants and five prominent leaders, known as Phrayas. These leaders included Phraya Suwanna Phingkhan, Phraya Kham Daeng, Phraya Chulanee Phrommathat, Phraya Inthapat Nakhon, and Phraya Nanthasen. The primary material used was clay, molded into chunks the size of Mahakasyapa’s hand and assembled around a square cavity. The construction method was intricate, involving a four-meter-high kiln with multiple entrances for baking the structure.

Architectural Evolution and Renovations

Over the centuries, Phra That Phanom underwent several renovations to enhance its stature. The pagoda’s height was increased to 24 meters in 43 B.C., reaching 47 meters in 1690, and ultimately achieving a height of 57 meters in 1940. These renovations reflected a transition from its original Khmer design to a more Laotian architectural style.

In March 1975, an earthquake caused significant damage to the structure, leading to the tragic collapse of the pagoda on August 11, 1975, following continuous rainstorms. The rainwater infiltrated the ancient bricks, causing them to disintegrate. The Thai public responded with generous donations to restore the pagoda to its former glory.

The 1975 Collapse and Restoration

Impact of the Collapse

The collapse of Phra That Phanom was a significant event, as it not only impacted the physical structure but also affected the spiritual community. The Fine Arts Department’s attempt to move the debris led to the discovery of a giant bronze casket containing sacred relics. This discovery reinforced the site’s importance and fueled the determination to rebuild.

Restoration Efforts

On May 28, 1976, the Thai government and local citizens initiated the restoration of Phra That Phanom. The new structure was reinforced with concrete, maintaining the original base dimensions but slightly reducing its width by 5 centimeters on each side. Standing at 53.60 meters, the new pagoda retained its square shape, adorned with a golden lotus flower pattern.

The restoration was completed on March 21, 1979, with a ceremony presided over by the late King Bhumibol and Queen Sirikit. The Supreme Patriarch of Thailand led the ceremony to raise the golden umbrella, weighing 110 kilograms, to the top of the pagoda. The royal family participated in enshrining the Buddha’s chest relics, symbolizing the completion of the restoration.

Cultural Significance and Modern-Day Reverence

Religious Importance

Phra That Phanom holds immense religious significance for Buddhists, particularly those born in the Year of the Monkey and those born on Sundays. It is considered one of the most sacred sites in Thailand, attracting pilgrims who seek spiritual fulfillment and blessings.

The site hosts an annual festival, celebrated from the 10th day of the waxing moon to the 3rd day of the waning moon of the 3rd lunar month. This festival honors the pagoda and its sacred relics, drawing devotees from across the country.

Preservation of Relics and Artifacts

During the restoration, bricks from the original pagoda, which were in good condition, were used to decorate the new structure. Other artifacts, including a Lan Xang style golden seven-tiered umbrella adorned with precious jewelry and Buddha images, were collected and preserved at the Ratanamoli Si Khotrabun Art and Cultural Centre.

The legacy of Phra That Phanom is also preserved through the accounts of revered monks like Luang Pu Mun Bhuridatto, who emphasized the site’s spiritual significance. His observations about the site, including the mysterious green fireball, have contributed to its mystique and reverence.

Conclusion

Phra That Phanom is a testament to the enduring faith and cultural heritage of Thailand’s Buddhist community. Its rich history, marked by construction, destruction, and restoration, reflects the resilience and devotion of those who have contributed to its preservation. As a symbol of spiritual continuity, Phra That Phanom continues to inspire and attract visitors, offering a glimpse into the profound legacy of Buddhism in Southeast Asia.

Address And Location:

183 Mu 13, Chayang Kun Road That Phanom That Phanom Nakhon Phanom 48110