Democracy Monument: A Symbol of thailand‘s Constitutional Monarchy
Introduction
The Democracy Monument is a prominent landmark located on Thanon Ratchadamnoen in Thailand. This monument holds significant historical and cultural value as it commemorates the 1932 Siamese coup d’etat, which led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in the country. Commissioned in 1939 and unveiled in 1940, the monument serves as a symbol of Thailand’s journey towards democracy and progress. Designed by M.L. Pum Malakul and sculpted by Sitthidech Saenghirun under the supervision of Prof Sin Pirasi (Corrado Feroci), the Democracy Monument stands as a testament to the nation’s commitment to freedom, equality, and development.
Historical Background
The 1932 Siamese coup d’etat marked a turning point in Thailand’s political landscape. Prior to this event, the country was ruled by an absolute monarchy, with King Rama VII as the reigning monarch. However, a group of progressive military officers and civil servants, known as the Khana Ratsadon (People’s Party), staged a successful coup on 24 June 1932. Their aim was to transform Thailand into a constitutional monarchy, where power would be shared between the king and the people.
The Construction of the Democracy Monument
Following the coup, General Pibul Songkram, who became the Prime Minister of Thailand, initiated the construction of the Democracy Monument. He envisioned this monument as the center of prosperity and progress, representing the starting point of many main avenues. Its location on Thanon Ratchadamnoen, a significant thoroughfare in Bangkok, symbolized the nation’s commitment to honor King Rama V, who envisioned the avenue as a source of pride for the country.
The design of the Democracy Monument reflects the ideals and aspirations of the newly formed government. The monument features a relief sculpture representing a palm-leaf manuscript box, symbolizing the Thai Constitution. This manuscript box is placed on top of two golden offering bowls, which signifies the reverence and respect for the principles of democracy. The round turret made of copper, standing at a height of 3 meters and weighing 4 tons, serves as the foundation for the monument.
Symbolism and Architecture
The Democracy Monument is rich in symbolism, representing various aspects of Thailand’s political history and cultural heritage. The monument’s base is elevated with small steps, emphasizing the importance of reaching higher grounds in the pursuit of democracy and progress. Surrounding the Thai Constitution are four wing-like structures, intricately carved with embossed carvings and tiny fences. These wings symbolize the protection and guardianship of the principles enshrined in the constitution.
Initially, there were 75 small cannons placed around the outer ring of the monument. Each cannon represented a year in the Buddhist calendar, signifying the year of the coup, 2475. These cannons acted as a reminder of the revolutionary spirit that brought about the establishment of a constitutional monarchy.
The architectural elements of the Democracy Monument also hold significant meaning. The wings, towering at 24 meters in height, have the same radius as the base of the monument. This measurement serves as a reminder that the 1932 coup took place on the 24th of June. The palm-leaf manuscript box, standing at a height of 3 meters, represents the third month or June, symbolizing the month when the coup occurred. Furthermore, the box represents the three powerful branches of the government – the executive, the legislative, and the judicial.
The six gates of the turret represent the six proclaimed policies of the Phibul regime, namely independence, internal peace, equality, freedom, economy, and education. These policies were the guiding principles of the government, aiming to promote the well-being and progress of the nation.
Significance and Impact
The Democracy Monument holds immense significance in Thailand’s political and cultural landscape. It stands as a reminder of the nation’s transition from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy, marking a critical milestone in the country’s history. The monument serves as a symbol of democracy, freedom, and progress, reminding the Thai people of their rights and responsibilities as citizens.
Furthermore, the Democracy Monument serves as a gathering place for political and social movements. Over the years, it has witnessed numerous protests and demonstrations, reflecting the dynamic nature of Thai society and the ongoing struggle for democratic ideals. The monument has become a powerful symbol of unity and resilience, inspiring generations to fight for their rights and advocate for positive change.
Conclusion
The Democracy Monument in Thailand stands as a testament to the nation’s commitment to democracy, freedom, and progress. Commissioned to commemorate the 1932 Siamese coup d’etat, it symbolizes Thailand’s transition from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. The architectural elements and symbolism embedded in the monument reflect the nation’s historical and cultural heritage. As a prominent landmark in Bangkok, the Democracy Monument serves as a constant reminder of the Thai people’s struggle for democratic ideals and their unwavering determination to uphold the principles of liberty and justice.
Address And Location:
Ratchadamnoen Klang Road Bowon Niwet Phra Nakhon Bangkok 10200